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Mustafa Kemal Atatürk Quick Facts
Founder and first president of Turkey
Birth: March 12, 1881
Death: November 10, 1938
Place of Birth: Salonika (now Thessaloníki, Greece)
Political Party :Republican People's Party
Official Title President :
Term 1923-1938
Known For Establishing the republic of Turkey, overthrowing the leadership of the declining Ottoman Empire, and preventing the partition of territory following World War I
Pursuing bold policies of reform to achieve secular government, women's rights, a reduction of corruption, and modernized industry
Milestones 1905 Graduated from the military academy in Ýstanbul
1906 Was banished to Syria for his involvement with the Young Turks, a movement opposing the rule of the Ottoman Empire
1915 Commanded Ottoman forces in World War I, most notably defending Gallipoli from an Allied invasion
1918 Commanded Ottoman forces in Palestine
1920 Set up a provisional government in Ankara after the Ottoman government ceded large portions of land to the Allies in order to retain power
1921-1922 Led the nationalist army on campaigns to regain territories lost by the Ottoman sultan
October 29, 1923 Declared an independent republic of Turkey, with himself as president
1923-1931 Pursued reformist policies,
establishing a secular government and shaping society to more closely resemble European nations
Quote: "Gentlemen, it was necessary to abolish the fez, which sat on the heads of our nation as an emblem of ignorance, negligence, fanaticism and hatred of progress and civilization." From a speech given in 1927
Did You Know ? :While studying at the military academy, Atatürk was exposed to the theories of social thinkers including Voltaire and Rousseau, and came to believe that unenlightened Ottoman rule had established its position as the "sick man of Europe."
As a child, Atatürk was given the name Kemal, Turkish for "perfection," by a teacher. In 1934, the Grand National Assembly honored him with the name Atatürk, meaning "Father Turk."
Atatürk's ideological principles, known as "Kemalisms," include republicanism, secularism, populism, nationalism, statism, and reformism, and are still considered the ideological foundation of modern Turkey.
Birth: March 12, 1881
Death: November 10, 1938
Place of Birth: Salonika (now Thessaloníki, Greece)
Political Party :Republican People's Party
Official Title President :
Term 1923-1938
Known For Establishing the republic of Turkey, overthrowing the leadership of the declining Ottoman Empire, and preventing the partition of territory following World War I
Pursuing bold policies of reform to achieve secular government, women's rights, a reduction of corruption, and modernized industry
Milestones 1905 Graduated from the military academy in Ýstanbul
1906 Was banished to Syria for his involvement with the Young Turks, a movement opposing the rule of the Ottoman Empire
1915 Commanded Ottoman forces in World War I, most notably defending Gallipoli from an Allied invasion
1918 Commanded Ottoman forces in Palestine
1920 Set up a provisional government in Ankara after the Ottoman government ceded large portions of land to the Allies in order to retain power
1921-1922 Led the nationalist army on campaigns to regain territories lost by the Ottoman sultan
October 29, 1923 Declared an independent republic of Turkey, with himself as president
1923-1931 Pursued reformist policies,
establishing a secular government and shaping society to more closely resemble European nations
Quote: "Gentlemen, it was necessary to abolish the fez, which sat on the heads of our nation as an emblem of ignorance, negligence, fanaticism and hatred of progress and civilization." From a speech given in 1927
Did You Know ? :While studying at the military academy, Atatürk was exposed to the theories of social thinkers including Voltaire and Rousseau, and came to believe that unenlightened Ottoman rule had established its position as the "sick man of Europe."
As a child, Atatürk was given the name Kemal, Turkish for "perfection," by a teacher. In 1934, the Grand National Assembly honored him with the name Atatürk, meaning "Father Turk."
Atatürk's ideological principles, known as "Kemalisms," include republicanism, secularism, populism, nationalism, statism, and reformism, and are still considered the ideological foundation of modern Turkey.
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