Those trained to perform first aid can act within their expertise, while those who are not do best to remain calm and stay with the person. Crowding is generally unhelpful, unless the presence of others is needed. Evacuating the victim requires special skills, and is generally best left to professionals, unless there is no other alternative (as in wilderness first aid). Self-transport should be to the nearest emergency room.

In the absence of breathing or a palpable heartbeat, artificial respiration and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) may be immediately required to save the victim's life. Emergency medical technicians, Outdoor Emergency Care technicians or paramedics can use airway management techniques to help a person who is not breathing.